Summary:'The selection of a a dog pain killer isbased on the intensity of pain, purpose (pre-operative, long term care)and underlying cause. Dog painmeds can take the form of aNSAID, Steroids, Opioids, Alpha-2 Inhibitors, or natural remedies. Optionsinclude oral, topical or analgesics administered directly into thebody. Pain in dogs can also be managed with alternative approaches suchas chiropractic care, massage, herbal remedies and dietary change.Some experimentation may be required until the mosteffective dog pain med is identified. Patients will be monitored forresponse totreatment while trying to find the medicaiton available in the lowestdose, fewest side effects and best outcome. Dogs are carefullymonitored for kidney, liver and gastrointestinal problems.

When medicaltreatment is not effective, other options suchas surgery are considered. Never give your dog any drug unless it iswith the advice of aveterinarian.' Dog Pain Scale Used to Assess Pain Intensity and Appropriate Medications OverviewThe use of dog analgesics before surgery or for pain managementcan reduce the long term impact of pain and the degree of pain.

If adog is recovering from surgery, pain usually subsides as the dog heals.Stronger dog pain medications such as opioids are often used for 12 to24 hours after surgery. NSAIDs are most effective when administeredafter surgery and are for longer term use.Before prescribing any medication, your veterinarian will evaluatethe patients behavior, liver function and kidney function.

Dogs and cats can have stomach and intestinal ulcers without showing signs. Is on any other medication. It’s not recommended to give two different NSAIDs, or an NSAID and a steroid, at the same.

You shouldalsoknow the potential side effects so you can monitor your dog. Typicalside effects are stomach problems such as bleeding (gastrointestinalhemorrhage) and stomach upset (gastric upset), particularly if your dogis taking NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Theveterinarian will also monitor the liver enzymes and kidneyfunction. Types of Dog Pain RelieversThere are several categories of canine pain medications:Conventional Analgesics should be an acceptable choice formanaging pain and inflammation.Unconventional Analgesics are medications designed for otherpurposes that are effective at relieving pain. There are two types:. Adjunctive analgesics which help to supplement the pain andinflammation relieving properties of other drugs. Adjuvant analgesics are drugs that are prescribed to improve theway other drugs work.Dog pain killer examples include:.

Tranquilizers (phenothiazines, benzodiazepines): this approachrelaxes the muscles, reduces anxiety and fear and is used with otheranalgesics. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA): this drug works by blockingsensitization in the spinal cord.

It helps protect against a syndromecalled 'wind-up' where an earlier injury has a lingering effect in yourdog, even if the pain has passed. If your dog has the expectation ofpain they will still react like they are still experiencing the pain.It could take several hours for the effect to go away.

Anticonvulsants: An example is the drug Gabapentin which may helpreduce pain and central sensitization in chronic pain patients. Corticosteroids (prednisolone) is a strong anti-inflammatory andimmunosuppressive drug. It greatly reduces the feeling of pain. Tricyclic antidepressants (amitryptiline, imipramine) areeffective analgesics for chronic pain, especially neuropathic orcancer-related pain.A dog pain killer can also come into a form that is directly infusedinto your dog (CRI or constant rate infusion).Types of CRI are:.are juststarting to be noticed bymainstream medicine for their ability to help with pain. Glucosamine inparticular has been identified as a natural ingredient that can helprestore cartilage in dogs suffering from some forms of arthritis.Agood product to research is which isspecificallyformulated to treat Symptoms, relieve pain and reduce stiffness ofarthritis, rheumatism and degenerative Joint Disease in dogs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)NSAIDs are the most common type of dog pain killer and are used formild to moderate pain.

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NSAIDs help to control inflammation and paincaused by some type of irritation or injury. Common symptoms includeareas which are red in color, warm to the touch, are swollen or arevisibly causing pain.When treating dogs, NSAIDS are specifically used to help withproblems associated with osteoarthritis and any pain after a dogundergoes surgery. Some dogs react better to one NSAID vs. Itis not clear whythis is the case. For this reason your veterinarian may experiment withtwo week trials of different medications until one is found that isbest for your dog. How NSAIDs WorkNSAIDs work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, the bodychemicals that cause inflammation.

Prostaglandin is known as a COXenzyme. There are three types of COX enzymes.1, 2, and 3. While inthe past it wasn't known how NSAIDs work, it is now known that thesedrugs inhibit or stop the transmission of COX and that NSAIDs can bemanufactured that target 1, 2 or 3 vs. All at once so each type ofNSAID may have a different effect on your dog. Because of this it paysto experiment in two week trials with different drugs to understandwhich works best (it isn't clearly known how each medication will workin your specific dog and breed).Newer dog pain killer medications are safer and cause fewer sideeffects. Morphine is the most common opioid.

The drug is used tosedate your dog and to relieve pain. Side effects of morphine inaddition to the ones listed include low blood pressure (hypotension). Pentanyl citrate is another opioid which is considered avery strong drug. It is used as part of a patch on the skin forextended periods such as 3 days.

It can take from 12 to 24 hours forthe drug to be absorbed and effective. Buprenorphine (Buprenex®) is an opioid that lasts longerthan morphine. It is used when an analgesic is needed for a 4 to 8 hourperiod (referred to as a partial agonist). Morphine is a Commonly Used Dog Pain Killer Before And Immediately After Surgery. Butorphanol Tartrate (Torbugesic®) is used in patientsexperiencing mild to moderate pain. It is administered either orally orcan be injected. It lasts from 2 hours as a sedative or provides 40minutes for moderate to mild pain relief.

Called a opioid mixedagonist-Antagonist. Naloxone Hydrochloride - Used to reverse the effect ofopiates and opioids. Called an opioid antagonist. Tramadol is effective at controlling moderate to severepain.

It is administered orally and is commonly used after surgery torelieve pain. It is also used to treat pain from cancer and orthopedics. Fentanyl - this dog painkiller is available ina patch.Alpha-2 Agonists. Alpha-2 Medications Are Often Used for Dog Pain Stem Cell TherapyRegenerative medicine using stem cells is a relatively new optionfordogs with osteoarthritis (OA). Clinical studies have shown dramaticallypositive results in some dogs. The two dog pain killer types are:. Adipose Derived Mesenchmal Stem Cells.

Bone Marrow Derived Stem CellsSteroidsSteroids such as cortisone and prednisone are potentanti-inflammatorydrugs and are used for more serious cases. They are administeredeither via injection or orally. They are often prescribed for thingslike arthritis. They work similarly to INSAIDs, but are more powerful.They are prescribed for more serious pain. They are also sometimes usedto treat conditions such as allergies.Glucocorticoids such as prednisone are used for maangement of acuteIVDD (Intervertebral Disc Disease) in cage confined dogs. Dogs withimmune mediated diseases require higher doses.Steroids such as prednisone have a greater risk of side effects thanNSAIDs since they reduce the absorption of glucosamine into thecartilage.

Therefore some vets are reluctant to use them over a longperiod of time. Weight gain is a common side effect. Behavioral changesmay also occur, including irritability. A normally 'nice' dog may beginto snap at people.Topical Dog Pain MedsTopical analgesics are applied directly to the skin in the form ofan ointment or cream. These types of dog pain killer products are usedwhen your dog is suffering from:.

surface skin wounds. skin punctures.

nose problems. urinary catheterizationThese products include ingredients such as lidocaine, Bupivacaine,tetracaine, and epinephrine. You can also use gauze pads with themedication that can be applied directly to the skin as a dog painkiller. The topical analgesic usually needs to be on the skin 20 to 30minutes to be effective.

Local AnestheticLidocaine is a local anesthetic that is a safe analgesic for dogs,particularly those that suffer from any gastrointestinal problems. Sideeffects include muscle tremors, seizures, nausea or vomiting. N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonistsKetamine works to help with high levels of surgical pain bychanging the way the spinal cord transmits pain.

Ketamine is always begiven in combination with an opioid. Nutraceuticals andSupplements. By definition a nutraceutical is a food or naturally occurring foodsupplement thought to have a beneficial effect on canine health.Studies have shown that glucosamine helps to improve cartilagefunction in dogs and may help to reduce inflammation.

A human studyshows that it is as effective as ibuprofen. Glucosamine and ChondroitinHuman studies also support the use of chondroitin sulfate for painreduction.

A recent study funded by the NIH indicated that arthritichuman patients had less pain and better function when receiving acombination of. AdequanAdequan is what is known as a polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG)which is a combination of protein and saccharin. It is administered asby injection into the muscle.

Studies have indicated shown that ithelps reduce inflammation, improve diseased cartilage and improves therange of motion. Natural RemediesNatural remedies for muscle and joint support and can have apositiveimpact on the skeletal system and muscles.is formulated for this purpose. Their is enough interest in theanti-inflammatory properties of herbal products that research ison-going, but not completely absolute. Since these products are sideeffect free in the vast majority of dogs, they can be trialed combinedwith personal observation of any improvement in your dog.is also a supplement that has significant scientific support in bothhuman and canine health to help improve movement in painful joints. Vitamins and Fatty AcidsAntioxidants are also thought to help dog pain due to inflammation.Both and can be helpful sources of antioxidants. Only buy productsmanufactured for dogs and carefully follow the dosing instructions.may have a positive effect on pain by reducing the production ofelements in the body (leukotrienes) that cause inflammation. In humans,omega-3 fatty acids have helped some rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Alternative Approaches to Dog Pain Symptom ReliefInaddition to dog pain medications, light to moderate exercise has beenshown to help.Exercise in water is particularlyhelpful, although more research is needed on the exact exercise routineneeded. Hydrotherapy, bandaging, physical manipulation such as massage,chiropractics) and acupuncture are alternative methods instead of, orwith the use of, a dog pain killer.Other approaches are:. applying cold to the dog pain site (if sudden over 1st 24 hours)to decrease inflammation and numb pain. applying heat for long term pain reliefDog Food and Pain ManagementOne of the primary goals of changes in diet are weight reduction byreducingthe strain on a dog's joints, as in the case when treating.

The most improvement is seen in dogs thatare no more than 20% over weight, who then undergo a weight reductionprogram.Dog food itself can have a positive impact on dogs that aresuffering from arthritis. In a clinical study, dogs that were fed adiet specifically formulated for dogs with OA (osteoarthritis) such as, a food rich in,showed improvement over dogs that had a similar arthritic condition,but that were fed an ordinary diet. The results of the study showedthat 'more dogs in the test group had a reduction in pain at the end ofthe 90-day trial.'

82% of the dogs in the trial that received the newdiet showed improvement. (1) Pain Assessment in Dogs and CatsDerek FlahertySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of GlasgowBearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, ScotlandManaging Pain in DogsDunn, T. DVMPain Control in Dogs and CatsHines, Ron DVMPractical Pain Management - Part 1 and 2N. ShaffranPfizer Animal Health, Erwinna, PA, USAManaging Pain in DogsDunn, T. DVMPain Control in Dogs and CatsHines, Ron DVMPerioperative and Chronic Pain Management in the DogD.L. MillisCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, TX, USAManaging Pain in DogsDunn, T. DVMVet Surgery CentralPain Management for Canine OsteoarthritisP.

Roudebush, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, KS.

We call them man's best friends, and it's important we treat them that way, too. Yes, there are a few human medicines that pets can take, but it's not that simple. While some human drugs can be given to pets on a regular basis, others can be very toxic.Always get specific instructions from your veterinarian.Do not attempt to extrapolate and estimate dosing from humans to pets; ask your vet for the right dose. In fact, special dosage forms or compounded formulations may be needed for pets.

Keep your pet safe by taking the time to ask your vet first. Sometimes a little pain is okay for our pets - it helps to protect them from hurting themselves even further. But sometimes pain relief is needed after surgery or an injury.Check with your vet if you think your dog or cat needs a pain medication. FDA also offers.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pets are available and are often used for arthritis. Human nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like or are felt to be too toxic for safe use in pets at ANY dose.Common dog-specific NSAIDs you can ask your vet about include:. (, ). meloxicam.

NSAIDs that are manufactured especially for dogs are often used for arthritis or for pain after surgery.Just like in humans, in our pets, too, such as vomiting, decreased appetite, and diarrhea. More serious side effects, like kidney or liver toxicity, stomach ulcers and bleeding are possible, too.Pets will require blood tests when therapy is started and regularly thereafter (usually every 6 months) to monitor for toxicity, including in the stomach, liver and kidneys.The popular human NSAIDs naproxen (Aleve) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are NOT recommended for pets due to toxicity. (carprofen), a chewable NSAID tablet for dogs, and other NSAIDS for canine pain, are available from your vet. Aspirin, used for over a century by humans, inhibits an enzyme that is involved in inflammation and pain.Although it should ONLY be prescribed by your vet, aspirin has been used at the appropriate dose in dogs for short periods of time. Coated aspirin is often the recommended choice to help protect the stomach, and be sure to give the pills with food. But many vets do not recommend aspirin use in dogs anymore due to stomach ulcers and the possibility of bleeding.

Plus, safer NSAIDs specifically for dogs with arthritis are now available and may be preferred.Your vet can determine if is safe and what dose to give based on your dog's weight.DO NOT give aspirin to cats; it can be deadly to your cat. Cats lack the enzyme needed for metabolizing salicylic acid properly, and aspirin can build up and be extremely toxic. Follow any instructions for aspirin use only as directed by your veterinarian. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be fatal to cats and should NEVER be given to them; dogs can be sensitive to acetaminophen, too. Acetaminophen can cause liver damage in both dogs and cats, as well as affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.One report noted that three over-the-counter (OTC) drugs - ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin - resulted in roughly 10,000 annual calls to animal poison control centers. Keep all forms of acetaminophen (tablets, liquid, capsules) out of reach of your pet.And remember, acetaminophen that you might use is often combined with other human medications, like cold and flu remedies and other pain remedies, so keep them out of your pets reach, too.If your pet is in pain, talk with your vet to get the safest medication possible.

Known by the generic name of, can be used in dogs and cats for allergies, and for motion sickness in dogs; however, check with your vet to get the ok first, AND the right dose.Do not use Benadryl in pets that have glaucoma, high blood pressure, or heart disease.Be careful not to use oral diphenhydramine liquids containing alcohol, or combination products that contain cold or flu medications like, or other human drugs - these should never be given to pets, so check the labels.Over-the-counter allergy meds like and can be used in dogs, too; check with your vet for doses. And yes, just like humans, some antihistamines can cause drowsiness or hyperactivity in pets, so be sure to safeguard them from injuries. Heartburn isn't just a common human condition - our dog's stomach acid can shift into overdrive, too.Over-the-counter (OTC) human acid controllers, like. can be useful for dogs, but check with your vet for an exact dose.These acid controllers bind to histamine receptors in the stomach and help block acid production. Your vet might use these drugs for treatment of acid reflux, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, canine parvovirus, ulcerations, vomiting, or with drugs that may irritate the stomach. More affordable may be, too.We can't say this enough: medication should never be administered to your pet without first consulting your veterinarian.

The joint protective supplement is commonly used for arthritis and hip dysplasia in both dogs and cats.Naturally occurring substances called nutraceuticals fall in the same class as vitamins, but no supplement can reverse structural joint damage. The quality of commercially available glucosamine or chondroitin can vary, too, so ask your vet to recommend a product.It can take several weeks before the benefits are seen in your pet from taking these joint supplements. Glucosamine is available at most pet supply stores and is now even found in some pet foods. You've probably seen this while driving: a canine friend hanging his head out the window catching the breeze.Many dogs love to go for a ride in the car; however, some dogs experience motion sickness (which we humans do not love). Longer trips may be more difficult than shorter ones on your canine friend.

Trips on a boat can trigger sea sickness, too, especially in puppies.Some vets might recommend these OTC products, but at specific doses used only in dogs:. (, ). Do not use these products in digs with glaucoma, prostate gland enlargement, and certain stomach, thyroid, seizure, or heart disorders.Both drugs are human motion sickness medicines. As with so many human medicines, doses are based on your dogs weight, so ask your vet. These drugs may cause drowsiness, too, so beware about dog safety in the car, especially if your friend is fond of hanging out the window.Prescription products like (maropitant citrate) are also available for motion sickness in dogs, and your vet may prefer this product specifically for dogs. Mild cuts or scrapes on your pet can be treated with OTC , or (without neomycin) with your vets OK, to help prevent infection. It is usually applied two or three times daily, but should not be used frequently unless directed by your vet.Pets will try to lick it off, so use an Elizabethan collar (found at pet stores) or a sock wrapped around the lesion to prevent licking, as ingestion could be toxic.

Neosporin or Polysporin should NOT be used for deep wounds that are bleeding or dirty, or the result of a bite. See a vet for these types of wounds. Owners should make sure that the antibiotic ointments they use do not include 'caines', like, or other pain relief formulas. Saline solutions or can be used to clean wounds. For bee stings, apply a baking soda-water mixture, let it dry, and then gently scrape out the stinger.

Contact your vet or find an emergency clinic for serious bleeding, deep wounds, or a red or swollen surface wound. If a sting from a flying insect leads to swelling around the face, eyes, neck or interferes with breathing in your pet, get emergency care immediately. Some OTC stomach medicines can be used in dogs for problems such as diarrhea and poor digestion. , for diarrhea, slows down the movement of the bowel and reduces the fluid in the stool which leads to less diarrhea.

Pets whose diarrhea is caused by a bacteria or toxin should not be given loperamide, so it is important to see your vet for advice and dosing on this medication.has also been used for diarrhea in dogs, but also check with your vet for a proper dose. These drugs should NEVER be used in cats, as they contain salicylates (aspirin-like agents) which can be fatal.

Severe or prolonged diarrhea ( 1 day) may need emergency treatment. Call your vet immediately. We humans are all too familiar with the stress and anxiety of everyday life.

But dogs can get anxious, too. Dogs can become fearful or anxious due to a new environment, or from psychological or physical changes.Signs of stress of anxiety in dogs might include:. excessive barking. changes in appetite. licking or biting.

aggression. hiding.

trembling. panting. restlessness, among others.First try to minimize stress in your dogs life, give them plenty of daily love, exercise, and fresh food and water. Consult with your vet to rule out medical causes of stress.Medications are avoided if possible, but some drug treatments your vet might prescribe as a last resort include: clomipramine (Clomicalm), fluoxetine (Prozac), or amitriptyline (Elavil). (dexmedetomidine) is a drug specifically for anxiety in dogs caused by fireworks or other frightful noises. Your pet loves you unconditionally, so do the same for them: ask your vet about any human medication before you give it to your best friend.Human medications are NOT always safe for pets. Ultimately, your pet relies on you to make the right decisions about drug treatments and to prevent.Owners should keep human medicines away from pets (for example, do not leave out on a nightstand), place pill bottles high up on a counter, and pick up dropped medications immediately.Always consult with your vet about human drug use for your pet, and keep emergency contact numbers - including your closest 24 hour emergency night clinics and the Animal Poison Control Center (ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at 888-426-4435) - posted for easy access.

Wolff A, DVM. Your dog's medicine cabinet. September 16, 2015. Accessed August 13, 2019 at U.S.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Pain Medicine for Pets: Know the Risks.

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Consumer Health Information. August 13, 2019 at U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Medication Errors Happen to Pets, Too.

Consumer Health Information. August 13, 2019 at Khuly P, DVM. My Top 10 List of Over-the-Counter Human Meds That Can Be Used on Pets. August 13, 2019 at informationAlways consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.